20FALLFNGR6616LDLMSN5A Advanced Primary Care of Family Prac

20FALLF-NGR6616L-DL-MSN5A - Advanced Primary Care of Family Practicum II-DL-MSN52 Deborah Crevecoeur

HIV Specialty Care Paper

Robert Alonsoon Sat, Oct 17 2020, 10:51 AM 41% highest match Submission ID: 052431a6-3684-4f99-af57-e5e80ec23e72

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Robert Alonso HIV.docx

1 1 HIV/AIDS Specialty Care for Pregnant women Robert Alonso 1 Florida National University October 16, 2020 HIV/AIDS Specialty Care for Pregnant women Introduction Over the past three decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of children born with infections. HIV/AIDS has been reported to be amongst the leading diseases passed from the mother to the baby during childbearing and childbirth. According to the previous WHO report on HIV/AIDS, more than 10,000 babies were born with the infection, which was accidentally passed from mothers to their babies due to negligence (Bailey, Zash, Rasi & Thorne, 2018). The report also revealed that 10 percent of the total HIV/AIDS patients in the U.S contracted the disease during childbearing and birth. In 2015, the CDC's statement indicated that the increasing rate of HIV infection in the U.S is due to a lack of specialty care for pregnant women, especially those diagnosed with HIV. 1 This paper aims at discussing HIV/AIDS specialty care for pregnant women. Population HIV/AIDS is a viral disease that affects people of all ages, and it has a variety of causes such as sexual intercourse with an infected person, deep kissing with an infected person, blood transfusion, sharp needles and it can also spread from an infected mother to child during childbearing or childbirth. HIV/AIDS is a deadly disease with no cure, and it has claimed over 5 million lives since it was discovered over 20 decades ago. Despite its deadly nature, the disease can be prevented (Bailey, Zash, Rasi & Thorne, 2018). Some of the ways through which HIV/AIDS can be controlled include avoiding unprotected sex, ensuring proper guidance during childbirth, and ensuring hygiene as well as preventing the sharing of sharp objects. One of the major Causes of HVI/AIDS has been identified through breastfeeding or infected mother to child. The U.S Department of Health revealed that over 20,000 pregnant and breastfeeding mothers in the U.S are HIV/AIDS positive. This report showed an urgent need for specialty care for pregnant women to protect their children from contracting the disease during breastfeeding. HIV/AIDS specialty care for pregnant women is essential because it protects children from contracting the disease and preventing mothers from losing their children through the disease. 2 HIV/AIDS specialty care for pregnant women provides an option that can help pregnant women stay healthy and protect their babies from becoming HIV infected. The country has made many tremendous steps by coming up with preventive measures and HIV testing (Kleinubing, Eslava, Padoin & Paula, 2019). Since the 1990s, the government has recorded a more significant decline in the number of babies infected with HIV in the womb. After a few decades of research, scientists have come up with various ways to keep children of HIV positive women from contracting the virus. Research Content HIV specialty care for pregnant women demands that medication should be essential when HIV positive women are pregnant. 3 According to the previous report by WHO, HIV is transmitted from an infected person to another through semen, blood, breast milk, and genital fluids. The information claims a greater risk of transmitting the disease during pregnancy, labor, delivery, and breastfeeding on the mother to the baby. According to HIV specialists, preventing the spread of the virus from an infected mother to the baby starts with the giving HIV positive mothers antiretroviral drugs. The researchers found that combining three antiretroviral ART regimens provides a lot of protection for the unborn baby. By combining the three ART, the risk of the disease's spread is reduced by 2 percent (Kleinubing, Eslava, Padoin & Paula, 2019). According to researchers, the drug lowers the virus's content in the body, thereby lowering the risk of mother to child HIV transmission. However, other research indicates that the anti-HIV medication also passes from the pregnant mother to the baby via the placenta, protecting the baby from infection. 1 Another area of concern for HIV/AIDS specialty care for pregnant women is no missed doses. The HIV specialists argue that for expectant mothers to keep their babies safe from contracting HIV, they must commit to taking their ART regimen. They emphasize that pregnant mothers must take their doses when they are pregnant even when it is challenging to maintain quantities when they are expectant. The HIV specialists claim that the key to keeping the virus suppressed within the body is through taking medication every day (Monteiro, Villela, Fraga, Soares & Pinho, 2016). The HIV/AIDS specialists also emphasize that if the side effects of medicines effect are bothering pregnant women, they should not stop using the medicine but seek medication. 2 The doctor can help them find a way to stay on them. In addition to missing doses and commitment to medication, it is also advisable that HIV parents avoid taking some drugs when pregnant. The two antiretroviral drugs to avoid during pregnancy include Sustiva and Atripla. 2 These drugs have been found to pose a danger to babies in the womb when taken in the early months of pregnancy. There are reports that 25 percent of babies whose HIV positive mothers don't go on ART are more likely to contract HIV. Other HIV specialists have argued that the best plan is that HIV positive women should talk through all of their options with their physicians early on. Another essential aspect addressed in HIV specialist care for pregnant women is the planning and the importance of setting up plans early, even before HIV positive women become pregnant. HIV specialists have claimed that it is essential for HIV positive women to plan and visit their doctors even before they become pregnant. They claim that HIV positive women should speak with their doctors about parental care even before becoming pregnant. According to some HIV specialists, HIV positive women should be in the right regimen before pregnancy. When HIV-positive women speak with their doctors about parental care, they learn about the drugs that are safe to get on, and they also get to establish care as early as possible. 2 Besides, women diagnosed with HIV are also advised to start taking anti-HIV medications as soon as possible. One of the major concerns is that about 20 percent of pregnant women do not know their HIV status. 2 This means that several women with HIV who become pregnant are not aware that they have the virus. Several recommendations have been put in place by the U.S Department of Health and WHO regarding preventing the virus's spread from an infected mother to a baby. For instance, many HIV specialists revealed that more than 80 percent of HIV positive women spread the virus during breastfeeding. As a result, they recommended that HIV positive women should not breastfeed their babies. 2 According to the CDC's research in 1995, during labor and delivery, when the baby is exposed to HIV by the mother's genital fluid or blood, HIV positive women are given a steady drip of antiretroviral AZT via the needle in their arms (Rough et al., 2018). During this period, HIV positive women must take their usual drug through their mouth. 2 When babies are born, they are given AZT as syrup for six weeks as a preventive measure. At this point, babies whose mothers are not given anti-HIV medication during pregnancy must be given other anti-HIV medicines along with the AZT. HIV positive mothers are also discouraged not to breastfeed their babies when they give birth. According to researchers, milk is one of the primary body fluids through which HIV is passed, so babies should not breastfeed (Rough et al., 2018). Many researchers have revealed that babies raised through virus suppression and zero breastfeeding are less likely to contract the virus. 2 Moreover, giving the baby liquid ART after birth is also key to having an HIV negative baby. Education HIV/AIDS specialty care for pregnant mothers involves educating HIV positive, expectant mothers on how they can protect their babies and improve their Health when they become pregnant. Apart from the usual education given to other pregnant women, HIV positive, expectant mothers are given special education by HIV experts. They are educated on how to give their babies AZT fluid and ART when they are born. Besides, they are taught about alternatives to breastfeeding and how to prepare artificial colostrum for babies (Silveira, Silveira & Müller, 2016). They are also taught about the importance of maintaining medication and speaking to doctors whenever they feel unwell or developing side effects brought about by the impact of ART medication. According to the report issued by the American Nurses Association in 2015 regarding HIV specialty care for pregnant, 60 percent of babies born by HIV positive mothers test negative when they grow up. The highest population of children raised with the infection is reported to be characterized by a lack of adherence to the doctor’s instructions by the parents. Other researchers also claimed that about 30 percent of women are aware of their HIV status before they become pregnant, contributing to the increasing rate of infection. Other researchers also claim that compulsory HIV testing on pregnant women has reduced the number of conditions by 20 percent every year. Today, the U.S government developed a policy requiring all expectant mothers to undergo HIV testing before giving birth. Many scholars have revealed that this move will save many babies from contracting the virus from their parents (Silveira, Silveira & Müller, 2016). Parental education is given before HIV testing and after HIV testing to help mothers keep their children and enhance their health during pregnancy and delivery. Since HIV testing on pregnant mothers was made compulsory, the U.S department of health has recorded a significant decline in the number of infections in the country resulting from the spread of the virus from infected mother to child. The report showed that over 100,000 lives had been saved. Today, HIV transmission through infected mother to child is one of the least methods of HIV transmission in the country (Silveira, Silveira & Müller, 2016). The mortality and morbidity rates caused by HIV/AIDS have also declined significantly. Conclusion This research has addressed the impacts of HIV specialty care for pregnant mothers in the U.S. 4 several data have been used to support this study. The information obtained from the U.S Department of Health, CDC, and WHO have formed the backbone of this study. Some of the findings in this study the reduction in the level of infection rates due to HIV specialty care for pregnant mothers, reduction in mortality and morbidity rates, and the increased lifespan for HIV patients. Besides, this study has also found that special education plays a significant role in saving babies' lives and improving the health of mothers. Though ensuring that all pregnant mothers get a free HIV test in the U.S has also been found to have significantly contributed to saving many children and mothers' lives. Other factors, such as the provision of AZT and ART, and zero breastfeedings, are the main preventing measures towards ensuring healthy babies' birth. Based on this study, HIV specialty care for pregnant mothers is one of the significant healthcare concerns that the government is working towards to ensure healthy babies' birth in the country. References 5 Bailey, H., Zash, R., Rasi, V., & Thorne, C. (2018). 5 HIV treatment in pregnancy. 1 The Lancet HIV, 5(8), e457-e467. Kleinubing, R. 1 E., Eslava, D. G., Padoin, S. M. D. 1 M., & Paula, C. C. D. (2019). 1 Evaluation of the health attention to pregnant women with HIV: comparison between primary and specialized service. Escola Anna Nery, 23(2). Monteiro, S., Villela, W., Fraga, L., Soares, P., & Pinho, A. (2016). The dynamics of the production of AIDS-related stigma among pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Cadernos de saude publica, 32, e00122215. 1 Rough, K., Seage III, G. R., Williams, P. L., Hernandez-Diaz, S., Huo, Y., Chadwick, E. G.,. & Patel, K. (2018). 6 Birth outcomes for pregnant women with HIV using tenofovir–Emtricitabine. 1 New England Journal of Medicine, 378(17), 1593-1603. Silveira, M. P. 1 T., Silveira, M. F., & Müller, C. H. (2016). 1 Quality of life of pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, 38(5), 246-252.

Citations (6/6)

1. 1 Another student's paper
2. 2 https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/features/hiv_and_pregnancy
3. 3 Another student's paper
4. 4 Another student's paper
5. 5 https://www.reliasmedia.com/articles/145399-uninfected-children-exposed-prenatally-to-hiv-exhibit-language-delays
6. 6 https://insights.ovid.com/obstetrical-gynecological-survey/ogsu/2018/09/000/birth-outcomes-pregnant-women-hiv-using-tenofovir/6/00006254

Matched Text

Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx HIV/AIDS Specialty Care for Pregnant women Source - Another student's paper HIV/AIDS Specialty Care for Pregnant women Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx Florida National University Source - Another student's paper Florida National University Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx October 16, 2020 Source - Another student's paper October 16, 2020 Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx HIV/AIDS Specialty Care for Pregnant women Source - Another student's paper HIV/AIDS Specialty Care for Pregnant women Suspected Entry: 73% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx This paper aims at discussing HIV/AIDS specialty care for pregnant women Source - Another student's paper HIV/AIDS Specialty Care for Pregnant women Suspected Entry: 65% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx Another area of concern for HIV/AIDS specialty care for pregnant women is no missed doses Source - Another student's paper HIV/AIDS Specialty Care for Pregnant women Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx The Lancet HIV, 5(8), e457-e467 Source - Another student's paper The Lancet HIV, 5(8), e457-e467 Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx E., Eslava, D Source - Another student's paper E., Eslava, D Suspected Entry: 99% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx G., Padoin, S Source - Another student's paper G., Padoin, S Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx M., & Paula, C Source - Another student's paper M., & Paula, C Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx Evaluation of the health attention to pregnant women with HIV Source - Another student's paper Evaluation of the health attention to pregnant women with HIV Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx comparison between primary and specialized service Source - Another student's paper comparison between primary and specialized service Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx Escola Anna Nery, 23(2) Source - Another student's paper Escola Anna Nery, 23(2) Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx Rough, K., Seage III, G Source - Another student's paper Rough, K., Seage III, G Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx R., Williams, P Source - Another student's paper R., Williams, P Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx L., Hernandez-Diaz, S., Huo, Y., Chadwick, E Source - Another student's paper L., Hernandez-Diaz, S., Huo, Y., Chadwick, E Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx New England Journal of Medicine, 378(17), 1593-1603 Source - Another student's paper New England Journal of Medicine, 378(17), 1593-1603 Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx T., Silveira, M Source - Another student's paper T., Silveira, M Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx F., & Müller, C Source - Another student's paper F., & Müller, C Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx Quality of life of pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS Source - Another student's paper Quality of life of pregnant women living with HIV/AIDS Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, 38(5), 246-252 Source - Another student's paper Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, 38(5), 246-252 Suspected Entry: 67% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx HIV/AIDS specialty care for pregnant women provides an option that can help pregnant women stay healthy and protect their babies from becoming HIV infected Source - https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/features/hiv_and_pregnancy HIV-positive women who are thinking about getting pregnant -- or already are pregnant -- have options that can help them stay healthy and protect their babies from becoming HIV-infected Suspected Entry: 72% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx The doctor can help them find a way to stay on them Source - https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/features/hiv_and_pregnancy He or she can help you find a way to stay on them.” Suspected Entry: 83% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx These drugs have been found to pose a danger to babies in the womb when taken in the early months of pregnancy Source - https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/features/hiv_and_pregnancy Only two antiretroviral drugs have been shown to pose a danger to babies in the womb when taken in the early months of pregnancy Suspected Entry: 73% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx There are reports that 25 percent of babies whose HIV positive mothers don't go on ART are more likely to contract HIV Source - https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/features/hiv_and_pregnancy About 25% of babies whose HIV-positive mothers don’t go on ART will contract HIV, says Kassaye Suspected Entry: 70% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx Other HIV specialists have argued that the best plan is that HIV positive women should talk through all of their options with their physicians early on Source - https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/features/hiv_and_pregnancy The best plan, Seidman says, is for HIV-positive women to talk through all of their options with their doctor early on Suspected Entry: 77% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx Besides, women diagnosed with HIV are also advised to start taking anti-HIV medications as soon as possible Source - https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/features/hiv_and_pregnancy Women diagnosed with HIV later in pregnancy should start taking anti-HIV medications as soon as possible Suspected Entry: 72% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx This means that several women with HIV who become pregnant are not aware that they have the virus Source - https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/features/hiv_and_pregnancy That means many women with HIV who become pregnant don’t know they have the virus Suspected Entry: 64% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx According to the CDC's research in 1995, during labor and delivery, when the baby is exposed to HIV by the mother's genital fluid or blood, HIV positive women are given a steady drip of antiretroviral AZT via the needle in their arms (Rough et al., 2018) Source - https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/features/hiv_and_pregnancy During labor and delivery, when the baby may be exposed to HIV in the mother’s genital fluids or blood, pregnant women infected with HIV get a steady drip of the antiretroviral drug AZT through a needle in their arm, while continuing to take their usual drugs by mouth Suspected Entry: 65% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx When babies are born, they are given AZT as syrup for six weeks as a preventive measure Source - https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/features/hiv_and_pregnancy Once they’re born, babies get liquid AZT in a syrup for 6 weeks as a preventive measure Suspected Entry: 66% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx At this point, babies whose mothers are not given anti-HIV medication during pregnancy must be given other anti-HIV medicines along with the AZT Source - https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/features/hiv_and_pregnancy The babies whose moms didn’t take anti-HIV meds during pregnancy may be given other anti-HIV medications along with AZT Suspected Entry: 65% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx Moreover, giving the baby liquid ART after birth is also key to having an HIV negative baby Source - https://www.webmd.com/hiv-aids/features/hiv_and_pregnancy “The combination of viral suppression, not breastfeeding, and giving the baby liquid ART after birth are the keys to having an HIV-negative baby,” she says Suspected Entry: 74% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx According to the previous report by WHO, HIV is transmitted from an infected person to another through semen, blood, breast milk, and genital fluids Source - Another student's paper HIV is passed through semen, blood, breast milk, genital fluids, and a person who is infected Suspected Entry: 65% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx several data have been used to support this study Source - Another student's paper The data used to support the findings of this study are Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx Bailey, H., Zash, R., Rasi, V., & Thorne, C Source - https://www.reliasmedia.com/articles/145399-uninfected-children-exposed-prenatally-to-hiv-exhibit-language-delays Bailey H, Zash R, Rasi V, Thorne C Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx HIV treatment in pregnancy Source - https://www.reliasmedia.com/articles/145399-uninfected-children-exposed-prenatally-to-hiv-exhibit-language-delays HIV treatment in pregnancy Suspected Entry: 100% match Uploaded - Robert Alonso HIV.docx Birth outcomes for pregnant women with HIV using tenofovir–Emtricitabine Source - https://insights.ovid.com/obstetrical-gynecological-survey/ogsu/2018/09/000/birth-outcomes-pregnant-women-hiv-using-tenofovir/6/00006254 Birth Outcomes for Pregnant Women With HIV Using Tenofovir-Emtricitabine

Assignment #1- Research Specialty CarePaper-Rubrics
	Excellent (100%)	Satisfactory (85%)	Needs Improvement (50%)	Unsatisfactory (25%)	Score
Introduction (20%)	(1) Clearly identifiesthe topic, (2) Establishes goals and objectives of presentation (3) Introduce clearly the topic	Meets any two of the three criteria	Meets any one of the three criteria	Meets none of the three criteria
Population at Risks Factor s (10%)	The population is clearly stated including possible risks factors and medical history	The populatio n risks factor are missing only few elements of the evaluatio n	The population is not addressed. The risks factors are not clearly stated. Topics are not discussed as outlined in the assignment .	Lack of adequate information
Research Content EBP (20%)	Excellent EBP provided. Followedthe CDC recommendations and Evidence	Adequate evidence provided in the presentati on	Unclear EPB and no current evidenced included	Lack of adequate EPB information. Evidence is not current at all

Education (10%)	Excellenteducation provided including strategic tools methods by followingthe EBP guidelines	Appropriate and reasonably focused education tools	Education is lacking of important key factors and it lacks of strategy Education al interventi ons	Inappropriate Education and no recommendati on made
Body and Content (20%)	Excellent body content and well- chosen topic. Easy to read with the essential information throughout without mistakes Adequate length 5 to 8 pages length	Adequate paper, few mistakes between ideas Paper is missing 1-2 pages	Poor information and not relevant EBP information with missing more than 3 pages	Inadequate Paper. Not enough EBP provided. Less than the required Minimum work presented
Conclusion (10%)	Excellent Conclusion clearly supported by the information presented at the end of the paper	Conclusion is adequate. Some mistakes noted	Conclusion lacks of adequate information and final thoughts	Conclusion is incomplete or not provided
APA including gramm ar and spellin g (10%)	Excellent spelling and no grammar errors Uses APA guidelines accurately and consistently to cite sources References within five (5) years	Minimal spelling and grammar errors Uses APA style with minimal errors	Incomplete knowledge of APA style More than 3 references older than 5 years	Does not use APA style guidelines References are too old

1-2 Referenc es older than 5 years